million a year, or $2 million a year and is therefore entitled to a very substantial percentage of the total Federal appropriation. Do you think this is desirable and is there any automatic check in this provision to prevent a very few institutions from getting what could equally well be given to other institutions, and should we make some provision to assure an equitable sharing of this money?

Mr. Dix. I have thought about this, because it is quite clear it seems to me that there is nothing in the legislation which would prevent, well, favoritism, if you want to put it that way, or any other kind of special treatment. There is clearly, I think, not enough money to meet all the needs of all the libraries and whether the U.S. Commissioner of Education, who would make these determinations would decide that the first priority should go to these small college libraries, which are clearly understaffed, underbooked, or whether the first priority should go to the large research libraries which already have many, many more books than these small ones seem to me is not spelled out in the legislation. I personally think it should not be. It seems to me that as a public official he has enough sources of pressure on him to insure the inequity, an equitable decision.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. An equitable or inequitable.

Mr. Dix. Equitable decision.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. It might result in inequitable distribution, unfortunately. There would be nothing to prove that he had done the wrong thing if he said: "I did the best I could but the most pressure was exerted by X University or X Library." I am wondering if the best way to assure equity would not be to put in a provision which would farm these funds out. I do not have any suggestion as to what kind of restriction we could put in.

Mr. Dix. I have been thinking about this and wondering if this legislation is successfully adopted and if it becomes a pattern whether we should not think more about these matters. I have come to the personal conclusion that you would immediately get involved in such elaborate formulas that they would be impractical in Federal legislation. In other words, I would be more inclined simply again to rest in the responsibility of a responsible public official in seeing that the thing did work itself out pretty equitably.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. There is another question that worries me somewhat. The Federal Government is going to recognize that books are expensive, but as you say, two-thirds of a library's costs are related to the cost of cataloging the book and making it available. The question is whether we should limit ourselves to a contribution for the purchase of material only and hinge that on the amount which is actually expended by that institution during a current year for materials only, saying that the maintenance factor can be in addition to the handling of books.

Mr. Dix. It would not be if the assistance from the Federal Government were entirely limited to the purchase of books. As I read title III, one-half of the matching amount provided by the local university would not have to be spent for books but could be spent for a staff and other costs.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. The matching could be spent, but the Federal share must presumably be used for books.

Mr. Dix. As I understand it that is true.

Personally, I should prefer to see greater flexibility in the use of these funds at the local university level. On the other hand, I think the present proposal will be of such great assistance that I would hate at this time to see an attempt made to make it much more complex by introducing these other factors. I think it is quite satisfactory as it is now.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Thank you very much. I appreciate it.

Mr. BAILEY. Dr. Dix, we thoroughly enjoyed your appearance here. I have here a list of the 43 research libraries that you represent. If there is no objection I will offer it for inclusion in the record following the testimony of the witness.

Mr. Dix. I just might correct the record on that point, in case somebody counts. There are 49 libraries on this list. I spoke of 43. Forty-three of them are university libraries, but I represent the total Association of Research Libraries.

Thank you, sir, again.

(The list follows:)

ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH LIBRARIES

MEMBERSHIP LIST

National Library of Agriculture.

Boston Public Library.

Brown University Library.

University of California Library, Berkeley.

University of California Library, Los Angeles.

University of Chicago Library.

University of Cincinnati Library.

University of Colorado Library.

Columbia University Library.

Cornell University Library.
The John Crerar Library.
Duke University Library.
University of Florida Library.
Harvard University Library.
University of Illinois Library.
Indiana University Library.
Iowa State College Library.
State University of Iowa Library.
Johns Hopkins University Library.

Joint University Library.

University of Kansas Library.

University of Kentucky Library.

The Library of Congress.

Louisiana State University Library.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Library.

Michigan State University Library.

University of Michigan Library.

University of Minnesota Library.

University of Missouri Library.

National Library of Medicine.
University of Nebraska Library.
The Newberry Library.

New York Public Library.
New York University Library.

University of North Carolina Library.

Northwestern University Library.

Ohio State University Library.

University of Pennsylvania Library.

Princeton University Library.
Purdue University Library.

University of Rochester Library.
Rutgers University Library.
Stanford University Library.
University of Texas Library.
University of Virginia Library.
Washington University Library.
University of Washington Library.
University of Wisconsin Library.
Yale University Library.

Mr. ROOSEVELT. Could I ask one question, Mr. Chairman?
Mr. BAILEY. Yes.

Mr. ROOSEVELT. I am interested perhaps for an understandable reason in the libraries of the Presidents, one at Stanford, President Hoover's Library, and the one at Hyde Park, which I know well. Are these members of your association through the Library of Congress membership?

Mr. Dix. Not really. These libraries, as I understand it are operated under the pattern that has grown up by the General Services Administration, budgeted through there. The Library of Congress and the National Archives both as I understand it, exercise sort of a paternal interest in these libraries but they are not members of this association in which membership is granted by invitation and which attempts to pull together those libraries which have comprehensive collections, broad coverage, which have similar problems; in other words, I think the special presidential libraries would not qualify for membership on the basis simply that they are too special; deep as their coverage is, it is not broad enough for our kind of interest.

They do not face the same problem.

Mr. ROOSEVELT. Thank you very much.

Mr. BAILEY. Thank you, Doctor.

Our next witness is Frank Lill, member of the Kansas House of Representatives.

Mr. Lill has had extensive experience in his State. He is a graduate of Central State College and is a veteran of World War II. He is editor of the Emporia Times, which is known nationally as one of the outstanding newspapers.

Mr. Lill, you may proceed. You may add to anything that I have overlooked.

STATEMENT OF FRANK LILL, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER OF THE EMPORIA TIMES

Mr. LILL. I believe you have covered it pretty well. I am actually pinchhitting for Dr. John E. King, president of Emporia State Teachers College, which has the oldest library school west of the Mississippi.

I think that is an interesting note to add to this.

Mr. BAILEY. May I inquire of the witness, we have a formal statement here from Dr. King?

Mr. LILL. Dr. King is on Naval Reserve training at this time and was unable to be at the meeting.

Mr. BAILEY. Are you using his statement?

Mr. LILL. No, I am using my own; however, I am sure we would like to have Dr. King's included in the record.

Mr. BAILEY. If there is no objection, we will accept Dr. King's formal statement for the record.

(The statement follows:)

STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT JOHN E. KING, KANSAS STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE, EMPORIA, KANS.

Mr. Bailey and honorable members of the committee, I am here today to testify not only in my capacity as president of the teachers college in Kansas, but also as a citizen, and as an officer of the U.S. Naval Reserve, who is greatly interested in the educational problems of my State and our country.

As has been true for 100 years, the principal function of the Kansas State Teachers College is the providing of teachers to serve in the public schools of Kansas. Supported by the legislature and the board of regents, the college will continue to serve with flexibility in the producing of teachers, increasing the supply through recruitment in times of scarcity, and easing up on this recruitment and production when there should become an over supply. There will be an increasing emphasis upon research and service for the public schools, as well as upon resident instruction.

The wisdom of the U.S. House of Representatives in foreseeing the increasing needs of our expanding population for more information, for more serious reading materials, and for increasing access to the rapidly expanding world of printed materials, is most encouraging to a college president today. The bill has my sincerest endorsement.

The proposed legislation before us would expand and extend the original Library Services Act in an effort to reach all the citizens of the United States. It will reach all the boys and girls in our public elementary and high schools; it will spread out to every free public library, large and small; it will assist the institutions of higher education, research and teaching; and it will give material aid and vital encouragement in the recruitment and training of more and better equipped librarians throughout all the States of the Union.

According to the report of the Kansas State Traveling Libraries Commission in Topeka, during the 4 years, 1958-61, in which matched funds of $284,840 have been provided under the terms of the present Library Services Act, the State library has broadened and strengthened its program and services specifically and dramatically. The increased budget has meant more books, two bookmobiles where none was seen on the Kansas highways before, county and multicounty demonstrations of service, exhibits, surveys and publications, and professional reading consultation and dedicated library leadership to the rural population of Kansas. Copies of this report, drafted by Miss Zelia French, secretary of the commission will be made available to you. You can easily imagine what the proposed amendment will provide.

The number of trained professional librarians being produced each year in the United States is still short of 2,000 graduates; about one librarian for every 90,000 people in our population. We are trying to meet the demand for public school and public librarians in Kansas. The teachers college in Emporia operates the oldest library school west of the Mississippi River and the provision of preservice and inservice education for public librarians and librarians for the public schools is another of our missions, a responsibility that has been delegated to us by the State board of regents. Last year 21 M.S. degrees in librarianship were granted at Kansas State Teachers College, in 1962 25 such degrees will be awarded. We could place three of four times that number in the immediate years to come in the State of Kansas alone. The demands of the other 49 individual States is equally urgent.

We appreciate the postsputnik assistance of the National Science Foundation given to the college to recruit and prepare high school science teachers. These grants have materially relieved the shortage of qualified teachers in those areas of knowledge.

The amendment proposed as H.R. 11823 will help in the selection and preparation of librarians to serve all humanistic, social, economic, and historical sciences, as well as the technological, and natural scientific disciplines which have been the proper and continuing concern of the National Science Foundation and other trusts and stewardships.

The emphasis on improved programs and book and library services to every pupil in the public schools is recognized by the provision of new libraries and minor remodeling projects in schools everywhere. The early habits and train

ing of all citizens in a democracy to inquire, to read, and to reflect has concerned all of our national leaders since the early days of the Republic. Our expanding Nation's schools demand more books and other informational and study materials. We must have the appropriately trained teachers and librarians to staff and give access to each individual, inquiring student at every grade level.

We are celebrating our centennial this year at Kansas State Teachers College. We are also celebrating the 10th anniversary of the William Allen White Children's Book Award. It is a reading program for boys and girls in grades four through nine in which the boys and girls read from well-selected and wholesome lists of books each school year and select themselves by individual votes an annual winner. This year that winner is Miss Catherine Owens Peare, of Brooklyn, N.Y.; her book is "The Helen Keller Story," an inspiring biography of Helen Keller.

Books, libraries, and thoughtful readers are essential to the progress of our country. With the tools to be made available by H.R. 11823, Congressmen, educators, parents, teachers, and librarians will get the job done. Every Kansan, every thoughtful voter, appreciates the attention to the problem and the efforts to solve it of each member of his committee. Our goals and ideals are high; the future security and welfare of the United States depends upon our reaching toward them. Thank you for this opportunity and privilege of appearing before you in so noble a cause.

Mr. LILL. It has some pertinent information in it.

Mr. BAILEY. Before the witness proceeds, may I say that unfortunately earlier in the session of the committee I called on Congressman Roosevelt of California and overlooked the fact that our colleague from San Antonio, Tex., Mr. Gonzalez, was in the room at that time.

Mr. SCHMIDT. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Gonzalez was compelled to leave the hearing inasmuch as he was to attend the swearing in ceremony for the new Associate Justice for American Samoa. He has a statement he would like to have submitted for the record.

Mr. BAILEY. Will you offer my apologies to Mr. Gonzalez? I was not aware that he was limited in time. I would like for his remarks to precede the recognition I accorded to Congressman Roosevelt.

Congressman Gonzalez was here at the time I recognized our colleague from California. Will you apologize to him? I will do it personally the first time I see him.

Mr. SCHMIDT. I am sure it is not necessary.

Mr. BAILEY. You may proceed.

Mr. LILL. I am Frank Lill, of Emporia, Kans., one of the founding members and former treasurer of the Kansas Friends of Libraries, Inc.; a member of the Kansas House of Representatives and the Kansas Legislative Council.

The Friends of Libraries, Inc., of Kansas have carefully studied. the provisions outlined in H.R. 11823 which amends the Library Services Act and are in full accord with the amendment, which we feel promotes sound and continued progress toward adequate library services for all.

Kansas has participated wholeheartedly in the Library Services Act in extending, through the Traveling Libraries Commission, that agency's services to reach more effectively the rural population of the State and those living in towns of less than 10,000. More and better books, reference collections that are timely and factual, bookmobile and station wagon visits, exhibits and training institutes, county demonstrations of service, wider publication, consultant and professional library leadership--all this and more has been made possible to our State because of the matched grants under the original Library Services Act.