Ozone in Water Treatment: Application and EngineeringCRC Press, 1991 M02 13 - 592 pages With the advent of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986, many water utilities are reexamining their water treatment practices. Upcoming new regulations on disinfection and on disinfection by-products, in particular, are the primary driving forces for the big interest in ozone. It appears that ozone, with its strong disinfection capabilities, and apparently lower levels of disinfection by-products (compared to other disinfectants), may be the oxidant/disinfectant of choice. Many utilities currently using chlorine for oxidation may need to switch due to chlorine by-product concerns. Utilities using chloramines may need to use ozone to meet CT requirements. This book, prepared by 35 international experts, includes current technology on the design, operation, and control of the ozone process within a drinking water plant. It combines almost 100 years of European ozone design and operating experience with North American design/operations experience and the North American regulatory and utility operational environment. Topics covered include ozone chemistry, toxicology, design consideration, engineering aspects, design of retrofit systems, and the operation and economics of ozone technology. The book contains a "how to" section on ozone treatability studies, which explains what information can be learned using treatability studies, at what scale (bench, pilot, or demonstration plant), and how this information can be used to design full-scale systems. It also includes valuable tips regarding important operating practices, as well as guidance on retrofits and the unique issues involved with retrofitting the ozone process. With ozone being one of the hottest areas of interest in drinking water, this book will prove essential to all water utilities, design engineers, regulators, and plant managers and supervisors. |
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Contents
Acknowledgments xi | 5 |
Fundamental Aspects | 11 |
Ozone Measurement in the Aqueous Phase Ozone Residual | 94 |
Conclusions | 100 |
E Ozone Gas Transfer | 112 |
iii | 123 |
A Introduction | 133 |
Color Abatement | 154 |
H Disinfection | 218 |
J Minimization of Adverse Health Effects | 266 |
Engineering Aspects | 317 |
K Checklists for Ozone System Design | 469 |
New Installations | 491 |
Proposed Procedure for Obtaining Estimated OM Costs | 499 |
Influence of the Designed Ozonation System on OM Costs | 512 |
Appendix A Ozone System Terminology Measurements | 543 |
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Common terms and phrases
activated carbon adsorption aldehydes Application of Ozone aqueous aromatic AWWA BDOC biodegradable by-products chemical chlorine chlorine dioxide Choisy-le-Roi coagulation color color removal compounds compressor contactor cost decomposition dielectric diffusers disinfection dissolved Eaux effects of ozone energy Engrg equipment feed gas Figure filters filtration flocculation flow rate formation fulvic acid gas flow geosmin Hoigné humic acids humic substances hydrogen peroxide inactivation increase Jour kg O3/h lb/day liquid Los Angeles Aqueduct m³/h NTP manganese Masschelein measured method mg/L micropollutants molecular mutagenic Neuilly-sur-Marne offgas operating organic oxidation oxygen Ozonation Facility ozone concentration ozone dosage ozone dose Ozone in Water ozone production Ozone Sci ozone system ozonized gas phenol preozonation pressure radical rate constant raw water reactivity reactor removal sample solution Source specific studies Table taste and odor temperature turbine Wastewater water treatment plants µg/L