his determination that such source does not or will not, by itself or in combination with other sources, emit any air pollutant which may reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute to a significant impairment of visibility in any mandatory class I Federal area.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not be applicable to any fossil-fuel fired powerplant with total design capacity of 750 megawatts or more, unless the owner or operator of any such plant demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that such powerplant is located at such distance from all areas listed by the Administrator under subsection (a) (2) that such powerplant does not or will not, by itself or in combination with other sources, emit any air pollutant which may reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute to significant impairment of visibility in any such area.

(3) An exemption under this subsection shall be effective only upon concurrence by the appropriate Federal land manager or managers with the Administrator's determination under this subsection.

(d) Before holding the public hearing on the proposed revision of an applicable implementation plan to meet the requirements of this section, the State (or the Administrator, in the case of a plan promulgated under section 110(c)) shall consult in person with the appropriate Federal land manager or managers and shall include a summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the Federal land managers in the notice to the public.

e) In promulgating regulations under this section, the Administrator shall not require the use of any automatic or uniform buffer zone or zones.

(g) For the purpose of this section-

(5) the term "mandatory class I Federal areas" means Federal areas which may not be designated as other than class I under this part;

(6) the terms "visibility impairment" and "impairment of visibility" shall include reduction in visual range and atmosphere discoloration. . . (42 U.S.C 7491)

Sec. 176. (a) The Administrator shall not approve any projects or award any grants authorized by this Act and the Secretary of Transportation shall not approve any projects or award any grants under title 23, United States Code, other than for safety, mass transit, or transportation improvement projects related to air quality improvement or maintenance, in any air quality control region-

(1) in which any national primary ambient air quality standard has not been attained,

(2) where transportation control measures are necessary for the attainment of such standards, and

(3) where the Administrator finds after July 1, 1979, that the Governor has not submitted an implementation plan which considers each of the elements required by section 172 or that reasonable efforts toward submitting such an implementation plan are not being made (or, after July 1, 1982, in the case of an implementation plan revision required under section 172 to be submitted before July 1, 1982).

(b) In any area in which the State or, as the case may be, the general purpose local government or governments or any regional agency designated by such general purpose local governments for such purpose, is not implementing any requirement of an approved or promulgated plan under section 110, including any requirement for a revised implementation plan under this part, the Administrator shall not make any grants under this Act.

(c) No department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government shall (1) engage in, (2) support in any way or provide financial assistance for, (3) license or permit, or (4) approve, any activity which does not conform to a plan after it has been approved or promulgated under section 110. No metropolitan planning organization designated under section 134 of title 23, United States Code, shall give its approval to any project, program, or plan which does not conform to a plan approved or promulgated under section 110. The assurance of conformity to such plan shall be an affirmative responsibilty of the head of such department, agency, or instrumentality. (42 U.S.C. 7506)

(i) The Term "Federal land manager" means, with respect to any lands in the United States, the Secretary of the department with authority over such lands. (42 U.S.C. 7602)

National Agricultural Research,

Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977

• Act of September 29, 1977 (P.L. 95-113, 91 Stat. 981, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 450i, 3101-3103, 3121, 3122-3128; 42 U.S.C. 6651)

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Title XIV, "Food and Agriculture Act of 1977"

Subtitle A--Findings, Purposes, and Definitions

FINDINGS

Sec. 1402. Congress finds that-

(1) the Federal Government of the United States has provided funding support for agricultural research and extension for many years in order to promote and protect the general health and welfare of the people of the United States, and this support has significantly contributed to the development of the Nation's agricultural system;

(2) the agencies conducting such federally supported research were established at different times in response to different and specific needs and their work is not fully coordinated;

(3) these agencies have only been partially successful in responding to the needs of all persons affected by their research, and useful information produced through such federally supported research is not being efficiently transferred to the people of the United States;

(4) expanded agricultural research and extension are needed to meet the rising demand for food and fiber caused by increases in worldwide population and food shortages due to short-term, localized, and adverse climatic conditions; (5) increased research is necessary to alleviate inadequacies of the marketing system (including storage, transportation, and distribution of agricultural and forest products) which have impaired United States agricultural production and utilization;

(6) advances in food and agricultural sciences and technology have become increasingly limited by the concentration upon the thorough development and exploitation of currently known scientific principles and technological approaches at the expense of more fundamental research, and a strong research effort in the basic sciences is necessary to achieve breakthroughs in knowledge that can support new and innovative food and agricultural technologies;

(7) Federal funding levels for agricultural research and extension in recent years have not been commensurate

with needs stemming from changes in United States agricultural practices and the world food and agricultural situation;

of-

(8) new Federal initiatives are needed in the areas

(A) research to find alternatives to technologies based on fossil fuels;

(B) research and extension on human nutrition and food consumption patterns in order to improve the health and vitality of the people of the United Stats; (C) research to find solutions to environmental problems caused by technological changes in food and agricultural production;

(D) aquacultural research and extension;

(E) research and extension directed toward improving the management and use of the Nation's natural and renewable resources, in order to meet the increased demand for forest products, conserve water resources (through irrigation management, tail water reuse, desalination, crop conversion, and other water conservation techniques), conserve soil resources, and properly manage rangelands;

(F) improving and expanding the research and extension programs in home economics;

(G) extension programs in energy conservation; (H) extension programs in forestry and natural resources, with special emphasis to be given to improving the productivity of small private woodlands, modernizing wood harvesting and utilization, developing and disseminating reliable multiple-use resource management information to all landowners and consumers, and the general public, wildlife, watershed, and recreational management, and cultural practices (including reforestation, protection, and related matters);

(I) research on climate, drought, and weather modification as factors in food and agricultural production;

(J) more intensive agricultural research and extension programs oriented to the needs of small farmers and their families and the family farm system, which is a vital component of the agricultural production capacity of this country; (K) research to expand export markets for agricultural commodities;

(L) development and implementation, through research, of more efficient, less wasteful, and environmentally sound methods of producing,

processing, marketing, and utilizing food, fiber, waste products, other nonfood agricultural products, and forest and rangeland products;

(M) expanded programs of animal disease and health care research and extension;

(N) research to develop new crops, in order to expand our use of varied soils and increase the choice of nutritional and economically viable crops available for cultivation; and

(0) investigation and analysis of the

practicability, desirability, and feasibility of using organic waste materials to improve soil tilth and fertility, and extension programs to disseminate practical information resulting from such

investigations and analyses;

(9) the existing agricultural research system consisting of the Federal Government, the land-grant colleges and universities, other colleges and universities engaged in agricultural research, the agricultural experiment stations, and the private sector constitute an essential national resource which must serve as the foundation for any further strengthening of agricultural research in the United States;

(10) it is and has been the policy of the United States to support food and agricultural research, extension, and teaching in the broadest sense of these terms. The partnership between the Federal Government and the States, as consummated in legislation and cooperative agreements, and the cooperative nature of efforts to implement this policy in cooperation with the food and agriculture industry has been eminently successful. Cooperative research, extension, and teaching programs have provided the United States with the most productive and efficient food and agricultural system in the world. This system is the basis of our national affluence and it provides vast amounts of food and fiber to other people around the world. However, the food and agricultural system is dynamic and constantly changing. The research, extension, and teaching programs must be maintained and constantly adjusted to meet ever changing challenges. National support of cooperative research, extension, and teaching efforts must be reaffirmed and expanded at this time to meet major needs and challenges in the following areas:

(A) Food and Agricultural System Productivity.Increases in agricultural productivity have been outstanding; however, productivity growth in the past decade has slowed. It is imperative that improved technologies and management systems be developed to maintain and enhance agricultural productivity in order for agricultural production in the United States to meet the demand of a rising world population, rising costs of production, and limitations on energy consumption. Improved

productivity in food and agricultural processing and