VOL. VI. LABOR LAWS "ANTI-KICKBACK ACT" 18 U.S.C., sec. 874; and 40 U.S.C., sec. 276c Sec. 874. Kickbacks from public works employees Whoever, by force, intimidation, or threat of procuring dismissal from employment, or by any other manner whatsoever induces any person employed in the construction, prosecution, completion or repair of any public building, public work, or building or work financed in whole or in part by loans or grants from the United States, to give up any part of the compensation to which he is entitled under his contract of employment, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 740.) Sec. 276c. Same; regulations governing contractors and subcontractors The Secretary of Labor shall make reasonable regulations for contractors and subcontractors engaged in the construction, prosecution, completion or repair of public buildings, public works or buildings or works financed in whole or in part by loans or grants from the United States, including a provision that each contractor and subcontractor shall furnish weekly a statement with respect to the wages paid each employee during the preceding week. Section 1001 of Title 18 shall apply to such statements. (June 13, 1934, ch. 482, § 2, 48 Stat. 948; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, § 9, 5 F.R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1236; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 134, 63 Stat. 108; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85-800, § 12, 72 Stat. 967.) Convict Labor Contracts 18 U.S.C., sec. 436 Sec. 436. Convict labor contracts Whoever, being an officer, employee, or agent of the United States or any department or agency thereof, contracts with any person or corporation, or permits any warden, agent, or official of any penal or correctional institution, to hire out the labor of any prisoners confined for violation of any laws of the United States, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703.) CONVICT LABOR EXECUTIVE ORDER 325-A Whereas by an Act of Congress which received executive approval on February 23, 1887, all officers or agents of the United States were as a matter of public policy forbidden, under appropriate penalties, to hire or contract out the labor of any criminals who might thereafter be confined in any prison, jail, or other place of incarceration for violations of any laws of the Government of the United States of America; It is Hereby Ordered, That all contracts which shall hereafter be entered into by officers or agents of the United States involving the employment of labor in the States composing the Union, or Territories of the United States contiguous thereto, shall, unless otherwise provided by law, contain a stipulation forbidding, in the performance of such contracts, the employment of persons undergoing sentences of imprisonment at hard labor which have been imposed by courts of the several States, Territories or Municipalities having criminal jurisdiction. THE WHITE HOUSE, THEODORE ROOSEVELT "FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT" (Extracts From) 29 U.S.C., secs. 203(b), (d), (1), (m), and (s); 206 (a) (1); 207(a) (1) and (g); 212 (c) (b) "Commerce" means trade, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States or between any State and any place outside thereof. * (d) "Employer" includes any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee but shall not include the United States or any State or political subdivision of a State, or any labor organization (other than when acting as an employer), or anyone acting in the capacity of officer or agent of such labor organization. (1) "Oppressive child labor" means a condition of employment under which (1) any employee under the age of sixteen years is employed by an employer (other than a parent or a person standing in place of a parent employing his own child or a child in his custody under the age of sixteen years in an occupation other than manufacturing or mining or an occupation found by the Secretary of Labor to be particularly hazardous for the employment of children between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years or detrimental to their health or well-being) in any occupation, or (2) any employee between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years is employed by an employer in any occupation which the Secretary of Labor shall find and by order declare to be particularly hazardous for the employment of children between such ages or detrimental to their health or well-being; but oppressive child labor shall not be deemed to exist by virtue of the employment in any occupation of any person with respect to whom the employer shall have on file an unexpired certificate issued and held pursuant to regulations of the Secretary of Labor certifying that such person is above the oppressive child-labor age. The Secretary of Labor shall provide by regulation or by order that the employment of employees between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years in occupations other than manufacturing and mining shall not be deemed to constitute oppressive child labor if and to the extent that the Secretary of Labor determines that such employment is confined to periods which will not interfere with their schooling and to conditions which will not interfere with their health and well-being. (m) "Wage" paid to any employee includes the reasonable cost, as determined by the Administrator, to the employer of furnishing such employee with board, lodging, or other facilities, if such board, lodging, or other facilities are customarily furnished by such employer to his employees: Provided, That the cost of board, lodging, or other facilities shall not be included as a part of the wage paid to any employee to the extent it is excluded therefrom under the terms of a bona fide collective-bargaining agreement applicable to the particular employee : Provided further, That the Secretary is authorized to determine the fair value of such board, lodging, or other facilities for defined classes of employees and in defined areas, based on average cost to the employer or to groups of employers similarly situated, or average value to groups of employees, or other appropriate measures of fair value. Such evaluations, where applicable and pertinent, shall be used in lieu of actual measure of cost in determining the wage paid to any employee. (s) "Enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce" means any of the following in the activities of which employees are so engaged, including employees handling, selling, or otherwise working on goods that have been moved in or produced for commerce by any person: (1) any such enterprise which has one or more retail service establishments if the annual gross volume of sales of such enterprise is not less than $1,000,000, exclusive of excise taxes at the retail level which are separately stated and if such enterprise purchases or receives goods for resale that move or have moved across State lines (not in deliveries from the reselling establishment) which amount in total annual volume to $250,000 or more; (2) any such enterprise which is engaged in the business of operating a street, suburban or interurban electric railway, or local trolley or motorbus carrier if the annual gross volume of sales of such enterprise is not less than $1,000,000, exclusive of excise taxes at the retail level which are separately stated; (3) any establishment of any such enterprise, except establishments and enterprises referred to in other paragraphs of this subsection, which has employees engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce if the annual gross volume of sales of such enterprise is not less than $1,000,000; (4) any such enterprise which is engaged in the business of construction or reconstruction or both, if the annual gross volume from the business of such enterprise is not less than $350,000; (5) any gasoline service establishment if the annual gross volume of sales of such establishment is not less than $250,000, exclusive of excise taxes at the retail level which are separately stated: Provided, That an establishment shall not be considered to be an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, or a part of an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, and the sales of such establishment shall not be included for the purpose of determining the annual gross volume of sales of any enterprise for the purpose of this subsection, if the only employees of such establishment are the owner thereof or persons standing in the relationship of parent, spouse, or child of such owner. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 3, 52 Stat. 1060; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7873, 60 Stat. 1095; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 3, 63 Stat. 911; as amended May 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-30, § 2, 75 Stat. 65.) * Sec. 206. Minimum wage (a) Every employer shall pay to each of his employees who in any workweek is engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce wages at the following rates (1) not less than $1.15 an hour during the first two years from the effective date of the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1961, and not less than $1.25 an hour thereafter, except as otherwise provided in this section. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 6, 52 Stat. 1062; June 26, 1940, ch. 432, § 3 (e), (f), 54 Stat. 616; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 6, 63 Stat. 912; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 867, § 3, 69 Stat. 711; as amended May 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-30, § 5, 75 Stat. 67.) Sec. 207. Maximum hours (a) (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, no employer shall em ploy any of his employees who in any workweek is engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce for a workweek longer than forty hours, unless such employee receives compensation for his employment in excess of the hours above specified at a rate not less than one and one-half times the regular rate at which he is employed; and * (g) Extra compensation paid as described in paragraphs (5)—(7) of subsection (d) of this section shall be creditable toward overtime compensation payable pursuant to this section. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 7, 52 Stat. 1063; Oct. 29, 1941, ch. 461, 55 Stat. 756; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 7, 63 Stat. 912; as amended May 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-30, § 6, 75 Stat. 69.) (c) No employer shall employ any oppressive child labor in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce or in any enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 12, 52 Stat. 1067; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7873, 60 Stat. 1095; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 10, 63 Stat. 917; as amended May 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-30, § 8, 75 Stat. 70.) "DAVIS-BACON ACT” 40 U.S.C., secs. 276a, 276a-1 through 276a-5 Sec. 276a. Rate of wages for laborers and mechanics (a) The advertised specifications for every contract in excess of $2,000, to which the United States or the District of Columbia is a party, for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating, of public buildings or public works of the United States or the District of Columbia within the geographical limits of the States of the Union, or the District of Columbia, and which requires or involves the employment of mechanics and/or laborers shall contain a provision stating the minimum wages to be paid various classes of laborers and mechanics which shall be based upon the wages that will be determined by the Secretary of Labor to be prevailing for the corresponding classes of laborers and mechanics employed on projects of a character similar to the contract work in the city, town, village, or other civil subdivision of the State, in which the work is to be performed, or in the District of Columbia if the work is to be performed there; and every contract based upon these specifications shall contain a stipulation that the contractor or his subcontractor shall pay all mechanics and laborers employed directly upon the site of the work, unconditionally and not less often than once a week, and without subsequent deduction or rebate on any account, the full amounts accrued at time of payment, computed at wage rates not less than those stated in the advertised specifications, regardless of any contractual relationship which may be alleged to exist between the contractor or subcontractor and such laborers and mechanics, and that the scale of wages to be paid shall be posted by the contractor in a prominent and easily accessible place at the site of the work; and the further stipulation that there may be withheld from the contractor so much of accrued payments as may be considered necessary by the contracting officer to pay to laborers and mechanics employed by the contractor or any subcontractor on the work the difference between the rates of wages required by the contract to be paid laborers and mechanics on the work and the rates of wages received by such laborers and mechanics and not refunded, to the contractor, subcontractors, or their agents. (b) As used in this Act the term "wages", "scale of wages", "wage rates", "minimum wages", and "prevailing wages" shall include (1) the basic hourly rate of pay; and (2) the amount of (A) the rate of contribution irrevocably made by a contractor or subcontractor to a trustee or to a third person pursuant to a fund, plan, or program; and (B) the rate of costs to the contractor or subcontractor which may be reasonably anticipated in providing benefits to laborers and mechanics pursuant to an enforcible commitment to carry out a financially responsible plan or program which was communicated in writing to the laborers and mechanics affected, for medical or hospital care, pensions on retirement or death, compensation for injuries or illness resulting from occupational activity, or insurance to provide any of the foregoing, for unemployment benefits, life insurance, disability and sickness insurance, or accident insurance, for vacation and holiday pay, for defraying costs of apprenticeship or other similar programs, or for other bona fide fringe benefits, but only where the contractor or subcontractor is not required by other Federal, State, or local law to provide any of such benefits: Provided. That the obligation of a contractor or subcontractor to make payment in accordance with the prevailing wage determinations of the Secretary of Labor, insofar as this Act and other Acts incorporating this Act by reference are concerned may be discharged by the making of payments in cash, by the making of contributions of a type referred to in paragraph (2) (A), or by the assumption of an enforcible commitment to bear the costs of a plan or program of a type referred to in paragraph (2) (B), or any combination thereof, where the aggregate of any such payments, contributions, and costs is not less than the rate of pay described in paragraph (1) plus the amount referred to in paragraph (2). In determining the overtime pay to which the laborer or mechanic is entitled under any Federal law, his regular or basic hourly rate of pay (or other alternative rate upon which premium rate of overtime compensation is computed) shall be deemed to be the rate computed under paragraph (1), except that where the amount of payments, contributions, or costs incurred with respect to him exceeds the prevailing wage applicable to him under this Act, such regular or basic hourly rate of pay (or such other alternative rate) shall be arrived at by deducting from the amount of payments, contributions, or costs actually incurred with respect to him, the amount of contributions or costs of the types described in paragraph (2) actually incurred with respect to him, or the amount determined under paragraph (2) but not actually paid, whichever amount is the greater. (Mar. 3, 1931, ch. 411, § 1, 46 Stat. 1494; Aug. 30, 1935, ch. 825, 49 Stat. 1011; June 15, 1940, ch. 373, § 1, 54 Stat. 399; As amended July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86-624, § 26, 74 Stat. 418; as amended July 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88-349, § 1, 78 Stat. 238.) Sec. 276a-1. Termination of work on failure to pay agreed wages; completion of work by Government Every contract within the scope of sections 276a to 276a-5 of this title shall contain the further provision that in the event it is found by the contracting officer that any laborer or mechanic employed by the contractor or any subcontractor directly on the site of the work covered by the contract has been or is being paid a rate of wages less than the rate of wages required by the contract to be paid as aforesaid, the Government may, by written notice to the contractor, terminate his right to proceed with the work or such part of the work as to which there has been a failure to pay said required wages and to prosecute the work to completion by contract or otherwise, and the contractor and his sureties shall be liable to the Government for any excess costs occasioned the Government thereby. (Mar. 3, 1931, c. 411, § 2, as added Aug. 30, 1935, c. 825, 49 Stat. 1011.) Sec. 276a-2. Payment of wages by Comptroller General from withheld payments; listing contractors violating contracts (a) The Comptroller General of the United States is authorized and directed to pay directly to laborers and mechanics from any accured payments withheld under the terms of the contract any wages found to be due laborers and mechanics pursuant to sections 276a to 276a-5 of this title; and the Comptroller General of the United States is further authorized and is directed to distribute a list to all departments of the Government giving the names of persons or firms whom he has found to have disregarded their obligations to employees and subcontractors. No contract shall be awarded to the persons or firms appearing on this list or to any firm, corporation, partnership, or association in which such persons or firms have an interest until three years have elapsed from the date of publication of the list containing the names of such persons or firms. (b) If the accrued payments withheld under the terms of the contract, as aforesaid, are insufficient to reimburse all the laborers and mechanics, with respect to whom there has been a failure to pay the wages required pursuant to sections 276a to 276a-5 of this title, such laborers and mechanics shall have the right of action and/or of intervention against the contractor and his sureties |