Hirsch, Robert, board of directors, Annapolis Center, and Chair of the NAS 97 Prepared statement 133 Porras, Carlos J., Executive Director, Communities for a Better Environment 116 Prepared statement 188 Slaughter, Bob, Director, Public Policy, National Petrochemical and Refiners Report, Major Accidents and Serious Incidents: 1999-2000, Contra Costa ADDITIONAL MATERIAL State of New York Action Plan for a Balanced Electric Power Policy Smith, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senator from the State of New Hampshire WITNESSES 142 Bogan, Doug, Director, New Hampshire Clean Water Action Kinner, Nancy, Professor of Civil Engineering, University of New Hampshire. 229 272 Klemm, Hon. Arthur, President, New Hampshire State Senate Varney, Robert W., Commissioner, New Hampshire Department of Environ- Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senator from the State of Montana Chafee, Hon. Lincoln, U.S. Senator from the State of Rhode Island Clinton, Hon. Hillary Rodham, U.S. Senator from the State of New York Corzine, Hon. Jon S., U.S. Senator from the State of New Jersey... Inhofe, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma Lieberman, Hon. Joseph I., U.S. Senator from the State of Connecticut Reid, Hon. Harry, U.S. Senator from the State of Nevada... Smith, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senator from the State of New Hampshire Voinovich, Hon. George V., U.S. Senator from the State of Ohio Rogers, James E., Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Cinergy 344 Prepared statement 457 Responses to additional questions from Senator Smith 461 Trenberth, Kevin E., Head, Climate Analysis Section, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research Article, Stronger Evidence of Human Influence on the Climate AUGUST 1, 2001 Page IMPACT OF AIR EMISSIONS FROM THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR OPENING STATEMENTS Carper, Hon. Michael D., U.S. Senator from the State of Delaware 506 506 508 507 504 499 501 534 509 WITNESSES Brenner, Rob, acting Assistant Administrator, Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 503 Prepared statement 534 Dana, Greg, Vice President, Environment, Alliance of Automobile Manufac turers 520 Prepared statement 544 Freilla, Omar, New York City Environmental Justice Alliance Mark, Jason, Clean Vehicles Program Director, Union of Concerned Scientists 518 Prepared statement 541 Saitas, Jeff, Executive Director, Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission CLEAN AIR ACT OVERSIGHT ISSUES WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21, 2001 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:10 a.m. in room 406, Senate Dirksen Building, Hon. George V. Voinovich (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND THE NATION'S Present: Senators Voinovich, Lieberman, Clinton, Corzine, Inhofe, Crapo, Carper, and Smith [ex officio]. Senator VOINOVICH. Good morning. The hearing will come to order. I have a statement I want to put in the record. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF OHIO Today's hearing is on the interaction between our environmental regulations and our nation's energy policy. This is our first subcommittee hearing this year, and I'd like to welcome our ranking member, Senator Joe Lieberman. I look forward to working with him in Congress and in this committee. Few would disagree that we are in the midst of an energy crisis in this nation, one that is having a tremendous influence over the state of our economy and affecting the quality of life of the American people. The impact of this energy crisis is, and will continue to be, of such a magnitude that I believe what this committee does this year could have more sway over what happens to our economy and the citizens of the United States than at any other time in recent memory. All we need do is look at what is happening in the State of California and it is apparent how urgently we need to enact a national energy policy. Brownouts, rolling blackouts, lost business-all have brought chaos to this nation's largest State and largest economy. Not only is California's energy crisis impacting California; it reaches nationwide and across the globe. Since the beginning of the 107th Congress, I have been holding a series of public meetings across the State of Ohio where I have asked individuals and business owners to relay their experiences as to how our energy crisis is impacting them. Last month in Cleveland I held a meeting with Catholic Charities, Lutheran Housing, and the Salvation Army, as well as senior citizens, low-income parents, and handicapped individuals. The Catholic Diocese said the number of helpline calls in 2000 was up 96 percent from 1999 and 194 percent from 1998 to 2000. The Salvation Army, first 7 weeks this year, 559 families seeking assistance with energy costs; last year, 330. For the least of our brothers and sisters, the choice comes down to paying for heat or paying for food, and because of this many are having to rely on hunger centers for their meals. A few weeks ago I met with business leaders in Cincinnati. They weren't big businesses. They were small ones. Each of them relayed how energy costs were impacting their particular business. Mr. Joe Maas, who owns JTM Provisions Company, a food service company, indicated that JTM will pay $200,000 more this year than last year for gas and electric, a 100 percent increase for the business. H.J. Benken Florists, owned by Mr. Michael Benken, is a family owned business. He reports that energy costs for many Californiabased companies that provide flowers to Mr. Benken's shop have increased as high as 600 percent. As a matter of fact, he said that most roses are now grown in Ecuador or other Latin American countries where energy prices are lower. We read the Wall Street Journal and New York Times, business section and I would suspect that some of the predictions that the profits aren't reaching what they suspected them to have a lot to do with their energy costs. Many Americans live paycheck to paycheck, and when they have to allocate more of their paycheck for energy costs and make a choice to meet the mortgage payments, pay their bills, or cut back on other spending, usually they cut back on spending, and since consumer spending makes up 68 percent of our gross domestic product, America's competitiveness is negatively impacted. This hearing is the first in a series of hearings examining our energy and environmental policies. To that end, I am working closely with Senator Murkowski on his National Energy Security Act. In fact, I am the fourth original cosponsor of this legislation. It is my intention to examine the various environmental issues surrounding our energy policy in our subcommittee in order to prepare for action by the Senate on the Murkowski energy bill. If you were to listen to the media, you'd think that the only thing in the bill is oil drilling in ANWR. It is much more than that. The bill is a comprehensive package of proposals and it includes general provisions to protect energy supply and security; it encourages clean coal technology, allowing us to use our 250-year supply; it supports domestic oil and gas exploration; it promotes energy conservation and efficiency; it encourages alternative fuels and renewable energy supplies for homes, businesses, and cars; and it provides continued assistance under the Low Income Energy Assistance Program, or LIHEAP program. Today's hearing will begin with a broad perspective on the energy end environmental issues, followed by a closer look at utilityrelated issues. Our next hearing will look more specifically at oil and gas issues. We will then have a hearing on global climate |