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important features of the constitutions of and procedure in the parliaments above named.

A summary of the several State constitutions and governments is also given (p. 572), together with a table (p. 579) showing the numbers, term of office, salaries, and time of meeting of the several State and Territorial legislatures.

In view of the fact that no joint rules have been adopted since the Forty-third Congress-thus leaving unregulated the manner of transacting business with the Senate, including the appointment and proceedings of conference committees, the enrollment of bills and their presentation to the President, etc. -the compiler has included in this edition numerous additional decisions and much additional matter in relation to conference committees and methods of procedure between the two houses, together with many late decisions touching general appropriation bills and practice in Committees of the Whole.

Special attention is again called to the plan of the index to the Rules and Digest, which has thus far received universal commendation. In the earlier additions the index did not separate or distinguish between a rule or ruling thereon, so that until the page was found and the subject examined it was impossible to determine its exact character. In this, as in recent editions, the rule and rulings are carefully separated, and a glance suffices to show just where to look for the subject or matter sought. To those familiar with legislative proceedings and parliamentary discussions the merit of this plan will readily appear.

Under each sub-head is given first the reference to a particular rule or rules, by clauses, followed by a reference to the Digest proper, which may either be an extract or citation from the Constitution, Revised Statutes, a House Journal, Jefferson's or Cushing's Manual, or a statement of the compiler as to the parliamentary practice in respect to any particular subject or matter which is not specifically provided for by rule.

The compiler has sought in every possible way to enhance the value of this publication by adding to the parliamentary matter heretofore published, such statistical data as would render it especially valuable to members of the House of Rep

resentatives, as well as others in public life. Great care has been taken in the collection, arrangement, and publication of this statistical matter, and it is confidently believed that it will be found accurate as well as valuable addenda to the Digest and Manual.

HENRY H. SMITH.

WASHINGTON, D. O., December 24, 1890.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES-1787.

WE THE PEOPLE of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.

Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; McCulloch v. State of Maryland et al., 4 Wh., 316; Brown et als. v. Maryland, 12 Wh., 419; Barron v. The Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; Lane County v. Oregon, 7 Wall., 71; Texas 7. White et al., 7 Wall., 700.

ARTICLE. I.

SECTION. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Hayburn's case (notes), 2 Dall., 409.

SECTION. 2. 'The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

*In May, 1785, a committee of Congress made a report recommending an alteration in the Articles of Confederation, but no action was taken on it, and it was left to the State Legislatures to proceed in the matter. In January, 1786, the Legislature of Virginia passed a resolution providing for the appointment of five commissioners, who, or any three of them, should meet such commissioners as might be appointed in the other States of the Union, at a time and place to be agreed upon, to take into consideration the trade of the United States; to consider how far a uniform system in their commercial regulations may be necessary to their common interest and their permanent harmony; and to report to the several

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