** plastic, blast *** TM-100 100-gram explosive block, blast, variety of fuzes PMRS-1, -2 * ** *** MAT-76 caseless, blast, pressure-fuzed (Romanian) ** TMM-1 * TMA-4 ** ***. *** *** *** *** wooden, blast, pressure-fuzed metal, blast, pressure-fuzed TMA-1, -1A plastic, blast, pressure-fuzed TMA-2, -2A plastic, blast, pressure-fuzed TMA-3 plastic, blast, pressure-fuzed plastic, blast, pressure-fuzed TMA-5, -5A plastic, blast, pressure-fuzed TMRP-6 plastic, plate-charge, tiltrod or pressure-fuzed MC-71 metallic, shaped-charge, tiltrod-fuzed (Romanian) U/I SM metallic, shaped-charge, magnetic-fuzed (delivered by M-87 MRL) (never employed by any force) U/I Mine metallic, blast, light AT mine, pressure-fuzed (similar to WWII German L. Pz.Mi or Dutch Type II) Unless indicated otherwise, all mines are of former Yugoslav manufacturer For export purposes, the PMA-series and TMA-series mines are sometimes described and marked as PAM-series and TAM-series. Approximately 75% of all buried antipersonnel mines are low-metallic-content, difficultto-detect landmines VTMM-1, VTMA-1A, VTMA-2A, VTMA-3, VTMA-4, VTMA-5 FUZES AND ANTIHANDLING DEVICES EMU-1 electromechanical fuze, pressure, pressure-release, pull UMP-1 mechanical fuze, trip (axial pull) UDOP-1 mechanical fuze, pressure release or trip (pull) UMNOP-1, 1V pressure UMNP-1, 1V mechanical fuze, DEMOLITION EQUIPMENT MP-EDK-M blasting machine M-LUD-MP 1500 remote mine detonator, laser type UNIKORD safety (time) fuze No. 8 non-electric detonator EK-40-69 electric detonator SU-10 M66/1 time-delay clockwork fuze SU-24 M70 time-delay clockwork fuze VERY SHALLOW WATER. RIVERINE, AND LIMPET MINES PLRM-1 river, drifting or M71 anti-diversionary mine, antiremoval and time delay detonation M81 anti-diversionary mine UNPROFOR MINE-RELATED INJURY DATA UNPROFOR MINE-RELATED INJURIES (AS OF APRIL 1993) UNPROFOR MINE-RELATED INJURIES (AS OF JUNE 1995) THE NUMBERS OF CASUALTIES/DEATHS THROUGH JUNE 1995 (204/20) EQUATE TO ABOUT 13% OF OVERALL UN LOSSES IN THE REGION. ON THE SURFACE, THIS IS CLEARLY A DROP FROM THE PREVIOUS REPORTING PERIOD (APRIL 1993) WHEN ABOUT 30% OF INJURIES WERE MINE RELATED. HOWEVER, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE OVERALL NUMBER OF MINE INCIDENTS AND INJURIES ARE CLEARLY INCREASING. THE INCREASING MINE INJURIES OCCURRED WHILE NON-MINE INJURIES INCREASED AT A MUCH HIGHER RATE. THIS REFLECTS THE INCREASING RISK IN THE REGION FOR OPERATING FORCES. SELECTED LANDMINE WARFARE PRODUCTION BY THE NATIONAL GROUND INTELLIGENCE CENTER Landmine Warfare - Mines and Engineer Munitions in Angola Mines and Engineer Munitions in Central America Landmine Warfare - Mines and Engineer Munitions in Eritrea Former Yugoslav Air and Ground Systems Report: Combat Engineer and Logistics and Supplement 1) Soldier Capabilities and Equipment: Vol I - Peacekeepers and RECAP OF LANDMINE SITUATION BOSNIA FORMER REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAV (FRY) WAS A MAJOR PRODUCER OF LANDMINES MINELAYING BEGAN BY JNA IN JULY OF 1991 VAST MAJORITY OF MINES ENCOUNTERED WERE MANUFACTURED IN THE FRY MINES USED EXTENSIVELY BY ALL FACTIONS OFTEN SEEN AS THE NUMBER 1 THREAT TO UN FORCES THOUSANDS OF MINEFIELDS THROUGHOUT THE REGION MOST MINEFIELDS ARE SMALL, POINT TRAVEL ON MOST MAIN ROUTES SAFE MINEFIELDS AT CRITICAL SHOULDERS, BY-PASS SITES, UNAPPROVED ROADS HIGHLY SUSPECT BOTTOM LINE UNPROFOR OPERATED SUCCESSFULLY IN REGION MAJOR ROUTES CLEAR OF MINES NO UN-COORDINATED OFF-ROUTE MOVEMENT SHOULD OCCUR |