(b) Subject neither to judicial review nor to the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 551559 (1970), except as provided under paragraph (a) of this section; and

(c) Available to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.

§ 473.30 Standards and criteria.

Research and development to be performed under a grant, under a cooperative agreement, under a contract, as a DOE project, or as an agency project under the Act may be certified under these regulations only if the research and development to be conducted

(a) Supplements the automotive propulsion system research and development efforts of industry or any other private researcher;

(b) Is not duplicative of efforts previously abandoned by private researchers unless there has been an intervening technological advance, promising conceptual innovation, or justified by other special consideration;

(c) Would not be performed during the annual funding period but for the availability of the Federal funding being sought;

(d) Is likely to produce an advanced automobile propulsion system suitable for steps toward technology transfer to mass production in a shorter time period than would otherwise occur;

(e) Is not technologically the same as efforts by any person conducted previously or to be conducted during the annual funding period regarding a substantially similar advanced automobile propulsion system; and

(f) Is not likely to result in a decrease in the level of private resources expended on advanced automotive research and development by substituting Federal funds without justification.

§ 474.1 Purpose and scope.

This part contains procedures for calculating the equivalent petroleumbased fuel economy value of electric vehicles, as required to be prescribed by the Secretary of Energy under section 503(a)(3) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2003(a)(3)), as added by section 18 of the Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979. The equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value is intended to be used in calculating corporate average fuel economy pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency at 40 CFR Part 600-Fuel Economy of Motor Vehicles.

§ 474.2 Definitions.

For purposes of this part, the term"Electric vehicle" means a vehicle that is powered by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage batteries or other portable energy storage devices. Recharge energy shall be drawn primarily from a source off the vehicle, such as residential electric service.

"Electrical efficiency value" means the weighted average of the stop-andgo and steady-speed electrical efficiency values, as determined in accordance with § 474.4(b).

"Energy equivalent fuel economy value" means the electrical efficiency

value converted into units of miles per gallon, as determined in accordance with § 474.4(c).

"Equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value" means a number, determined in accordance with § 474.4, which represents the average number of miles travelled by an electric vehicle per gallon of gasoline.

"Model type" means the term defined by the Environmental Protection Agency in its regulations at 40 CFR 600.002-81(19).

"Model year" means the term defined by the Environmental Protection Agency in its regulations at 40 CFR 600.002-81(6).

means a heater/defroster system or an air conditioner system which uses fuel, as defined in section 501(5) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2001) as its primary energy source.

"Production volume" means the term defined by the Environmental Protection Agency in its regulations at 40 CFR 600.002-81(32).

"Steady-speed electrical efficiency value" means the average number of kilowatt-hours of electrical energy required for an electric vehicle to travel 1 mile, as determined in accordance with § 474.3(c).

(b) The test procedures prescribed in SAE procedure J227a, Vehicle Energy Economy, using Vehicle Test Cycle C for the driving cycle, shall be used for generation of the stop-and-go electrical efficiency value.

(c) The test procedures prescribed in SAE procedure J227a, Vehicle Energy Economy, using a driving cycle consisting of a maximum cruise speed of 54 mph, as prescribed in the SAE procedure for Range at Steady Speed, shall be used for generation of the steadyspeed electrical value. For an electric vehicle model type that is incapable of maintaining a maximum cruise speed of 54 mph, this test procedure shall be conducted at the maximum cruise speed as defined in section 2.8 of the SAE procedure J227a.

§ 474.4 Equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy calculation.

(a) Calculate the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy of an electric vehicle as follows:

(1) Determine the stop-and-go electrical efficiency value, according to § 474.3(b).

(2) Determine the steady-speed electrical efficiency value, according to § 474.3(c).

(b) Calculate the electrical efficiency value by:

(1) Multiplying the stop-and-go electrical efficiency value by 0.91;

(2) Multiplying the steady-speed electrical efficiency value by 0.09; and (3) Adding the resulting two figures, rounding to the nearest 0.01 kWh/ mile.

(c) Calculate the energy equivalent fuel economy value by dividing the electrical efficiency value into 36.66.

(d) For purposes of paragraph (e) of this section, use the appropriate Petroleum Equivalency Factor as follows:

ry, use the second number under paragraph (e) of this section of the applicable model year.

(3) If more than 33 percent of the production volume of the electric vehicle model type is to be equipped with two petroleum-powered accessories, use the third number under § 474.4(e) for the applicable model year.

(e) Calculate the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value in miles per gallon by multiplying the energy equivalent fuel economy value by the appropriate petroleum equivalency factor for the model year in which the electric vehicle is manufactured.

(1) For model year 1981, the petroleum equivalency factor is:

(i) 1.9,

(ii) 1.7, or

(iii) 1.6;

(2) For model year 1982, the petroleum equivalency factor is:

(i) 2.0,

(ii) 1.8, or

(iii) 1.6;

(3) For model year 1983, the petroleum equivalency factor is:

(i) 2.0,

(ii) 1.8, or

(iii) 1.6;

(4) For model year 1984, the petroleum equivalency factor is:

(i) 2.1,

(ii) 1.9, or

(iii) 1.7;

(5) For model year 1985, the petroleum equivalency factor is:

(i) 2.3,

(ii) 2.0, or

(iii) 1.8;

(6) For model year 1986, the petroleum equivalency factor is:

(i) 2.2,

(ii) 2.0, or

(iii) 1.8; and

(7) For model year 1987, the petroleum equivalency factor is:

(i) 2.2,

(ii) 2.0, or

(iii) 1.8.

Subpart B-Minimum Levels of Performance 475.10 Minimum levels of performance for personal-use vehicles.

475.11 Minimum levels of performance for commercial vehicles.

AUTHORITY: Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976, Pub. L. 94-413, as amended by Department of Energy Act of 1978-Civilian Applications, Pub. L. 95-238; Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93-438; Department of Energy Organization Act, Pub. L. 95-91.

SOURCE: 45 FR 9544, Feb. 12, 1980, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A-General Provisions

§ 475.1 Purpose and scope.

This part contains performance standards for electric and hybrid vehicles required to be prescribed by the Department of Energy pursuant to section 7(b)(1) of the Act.

§ 475.2

Definitions.

As used in this part:

"Act" means the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 (Pub. L. 94-413, 90 Stat. 1263 et seq.), as amended by Department of Energy Act of 1978-Civilian Applications (Pub. L. 95-238; 92 Stat. 47, 91-94).

"Commercial vehicle" means a vehicle other than a personal-use vehicle.

"Electric vehicle" means a vehicle which is powered by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage batteries, fuel cells, or other portable sources of electrical current, and which may include a nonelectrical source of power designed to charge batteries and components thereof.

"Hybrid vehicle" means a vehicle propelled by a combination of an electric motor and an internal combustion engine or other power source and components thereof.

"Personal-use vehicle" means a vehicle designed to carry ten persons or less, except a multipurpose passenger vehicle, motorcycle, truck, or trailer, as those terms are defined in 49 CFR 571.3.

"Vehicle" means an electric or hybid vehicle.

"Vital accessories" means headlights, taillights, windshield wipers, windshield defroster and defroster blowers. The heater blowers also shall be considered as vital accessories if the vehicle is equipped with a heater.

§ 475.3 Test conditions and procedures.

The conditions and procedures in Electric Vehicle Test Procedure-SAE J227a, as revised February 1976, of the Society of Automotive Engineers, shall be used to determine the levels of performance of vehicles for those categories for which minimum levels of performance are prescribed in Subpart B. § 475.4 Units.

The units and unit symbols and abbreviations used in this part are those of the International System of Units (Systeme International) or SI as established by the General Conference of Weights and Measures in 1960 and interpreted and modified for the United States pursuant to the U.S. Department of Commerce Notice on the Interpretation and Modification of the International System of Units for the United States (41 FR 54018, Dec. 10, 1976).

Subpart B-Minimum Levels of Performance

§ 475.10 Minimum levels of performance for personal-use vehicles.

The following minimum levels of performance are required with respect to any personal-use vehicle purchased or leased in fulfillment of contracts entered into following the effective date of these regulations, pursuant to section 7(c) of the Act.

(a) Acceleration. The time required to accelerate from rest to 50 km/h shall not exceed 13.5s.

(b) Gradeability at speed. The grade which can be traversed up at 25 km/h shall be at least 10 percent.

(c) Gradeability limit. The grade on which the vehicle can start and climb for 20s either backward or forward shall be no less than 20 percent.

(d) Forward speed capability. The speed which can be maintained for 5 minutes shall be 80 km/h.

(e) Range. The distance which the vehicle can be operated with vital accessories on or equivalent, shall be:

(1) For an electric vehicle, at least 55 km on the SAE J227 a/C cycle, and (2) For a hybrid vehicle, at least 200 km on the SAE J227 a/C cycle.

(f) Battery recharge time. The vehicle shall be capable of satisfying the range requirement of paragraph (e) of this section, after being recharged for no more than 10 hours by use of an on-board charger. At the start of this recharge the vehicle shall have 80 percent discharged batteries as specified by the vehicle test conditions and procedures of § 475.3. The on-board charger shall be compatible with an electric power outlet of 110V or 220V AC, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

(g) Recharge control. The vehicle shall have an automatic recharge control which will meet the requirements of energy, life, and safety as such requirements are stated by these performance standards. This paragraph applies when on-board chargers are used and also when off-board chargers supplied by or specified by the vehicle manufacturer for recharge of the vehicle are used.

(h) Energy consumption. (1) For an electric vehicle, the maximum amount of nonelectrical energy consumed shall be that used for operation of the accessories only.

(2) For a hybrid vehicle, nonelectrical energy consumed shall not exceed 1.3 MJ/km and shall also not exceed 75 percent of total energy consumed for propulsion and vital accessories, based on being fully loaded on a driving schedule of 33 km on SAE J227 a/ C cycle plus 33 km at 75 km/h (higher

heating value of gasoline taken as 32.7 MJ/L) and with vital accessories on.

(i) Battery life. (1) The vehicle shall be capable of at least 75 percent of the range specified in § 475.10(e) after 12 months or 15,000 km of normal use, whichever occurs first.

(2) The vehicle shall be capable of 100 percent of the acceleration and gradeability specified in § 475.10 (a), (b), and (c), for all test conditions and procedures specified by § 475.3, for 12 months or 15,000 km or normal use, whichever occurs first.

(3) The batteries shall, if necessary, be repaired or replaced by the vehicle manufacturer at no cost to the user of the vehicle in order to meet requirements of § 475.10(i) (1) and (2).

(j) State-of-charge meter. The vehicle shall have a state-of-charge meter for the propulsion battery system or other means of providing an indication of remaining range.

(k) Odometer. The vehicle shall have an odometer.

(1) Passenger comfort heater. The vehicle shall have the capability of having a passenger comfort heater installed at the option of the purchaser.

(m) Documentation. Adequate user manuals, maintenance (service) manual and parts lists shall be provided.

(n) Emissions. The vehicle shall comply with all applicable Federal emissions regulations for motor vehicles.

(0) Safety, crashworthiness, damageability, crash avoidance and hazards. (1) The vehicle shall comply with all applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards as set forth in 49 CFR Part 571, unless a temporary exemption is obtained by the manufacturer from the Department of Transportation.

(2) Until the Department of Transportation issues regulations which cover the same subjects, the vehicle shall also have the following performance characteristics:

(i) The electric propulsion circuit shall be electrically isolated from other conductive portions of the vehicle sufficiently to prevent personal hazards due to contacting any portion of the electric propulsion circuit while

in contact with other portions of the vehicle.

(ii) The vehicle shall be capable of complying with the performance requirements of Federal motor vehicle safety standards 208 and 301 with all battery materials remaining outside the passenger compartment.

(iii) Vehicles with battery vents shall have flame barrier provisions to inhibit battery explosions.

(iv) Ventilation shall be adequate within the battery compartment to maintain the concentration of hydrogen below 4 percent by volume during vehicle operation (including charging and maintenance).

(v) The vehicle shall have a device which provides for the positive disconnection of the battery and which is operable from the normal operator position.

§ 475.11 Minimum levels of performance for commercial vehicles.

The following minimum levels of performance are required with respect to any commercial vehicles purchased or leased in fulfillment of contracts entered into following the effective date of these regulations, pursuant to section 7(c) of the Act.

(a) Acceleration. The time required to accelerate from rest to 50 km/h shall not exceed 14s for vehicles with a payload carrying capability of less than or equal to 600 kg.

(b) Gradeability at speed. The grade which can be traversed up at 25 km/h shall be at least 10 percent.

(c) Gradeability limit. The grade which the vehicle can start and climb for 20s either backward or forward shall be no less than 20 percent.

(d) Forward speed capability. The speed which can be maintained for 5 minutes shall be 75 km/h.

(e) Range. The distance which the vehicle can be operated with vital accessories on or equivalent shall be:

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