RECAPITULATION

Effective action in delinquency prevention and control will be forthcoming only to the extent to which school personnel and other workers in the community become informed concerning the meaning and implications of delinquency as a behavioral phenomenon. Youth workers must know the meaning of delinquency partially as a reflection of our culture; they must know where the delinquency problem exists locally and what it signifies to the youth- and family-serving agencies who are responsible for helping these youth and families; and, last, they must come to know, through diagnostic study, why a particular child reacts with overt-aggressive behavior to the pressures and conflicts which beset him. Those community workers who act more from subjective opinion and less from objective fact will fall into the self-deceptive role of the impractical practical worker.

It has been amply verified in the research literature that the delinquency problem cannot be solved or even relieved by the schools alone. The problem is not amenable to unitary approaches, whether by the home, school, church, police, court, clinic, playground, or institution. The task calls for the co-ordinated efforts of all community forces of which the school represents an important segment.

Any community program which aims to identify the potential delinquent at an early age, which tries to study and diagnose needs of delinquents and predelinquents, and which aims to provide treatment in accordance with individual diagnosis will get positive results. Without the full and active support of good schools such a program will reap less than a plenteous harvest for its efforts.

GENERAL REFERENCES

1. Barron, Milton L. The Juvenile in Delinquent Society. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954. 349 p.

2. Bettelheim, Bruno. Truants from Life: The Rehabilitation of Emotionally Disturbed Children. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1955. 511 P.

3. Bloch, Herbert A., and Flynn, Frank T. Delinquency: The Juvenile Offender in America Today. New York: Random House, 1956. 612 p.

4. Cohen, Albert K. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1955. 202 p.

5. Davidoff, Eugene, and Noetzel, E. S. The Child Guidance Approach to Juvenile Delinquency. New York: Child Care Publications, 1951. 173 p.

6. Ellingston, John R. Protecting Our Children from Criminal Careers. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948. 374 p.

7. Glueck, Sheldon, and Glueck, Eleanor T. Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1950. 399 p.

8. Jenkins, Richard L., and Glickman, Sylvia. "Patterns of Personality Organization Among Delinquents." Nervous Child 6: 329-39; July 1947.

9. Kvaraceus, William C. The Community and the Delinquent. Yonkers, N.Y.: World Book Co., 1954. 566 p.

10. Merrill, Maude A. Problems of Child Delinquency. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1947. 403 p.

11. National Probation and Parole Association. Standard Juvenile Court Act. Revised edition. New York: the Association, 1949. 40 p. 12. Powers, Edwin, and Witmer, Helen. Experiment in the Prevention of Delinquency. New York: Columbia University Press, 1951.

649 P.

13. Redl, Fritz, and Wineman, David. Children Who Hate. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1951. 254 p.

14. Redl, Fritz, and Wineman, David. Controls from Within. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1952. 332 p.

15. Reiss, Albert J. "Social Correlates of Psychological Types of Delinquency." American Sociological Review 17: 710-18; December

1952.

16. Sussmann, Frederick B. Law of Juvenile Delinquency: The Laws of the Forty-Eight States. New York: Oceana Publications, 1950. 96 P.

17. Tappan, Paul W. Juvenile Delinquency. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1949. 613 p.

18. Teeters, Negley K., and Reinemann, John O. The Challenge of Delinquency. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1950. 819 p.

19. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, Children's Bureau. Helping Delinquent Children. Publication No. 341. Washington, D. C.: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 1953. 47 p.

20. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, Children's Bureau. What's Happening to Delinquent Children in Your Town? Publication No. 342. Washington, D. C.: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 1953. 26 p.

21. Vedder, Clyde B. The Juvenile Offender. New York: Doubleday and Co., 1954. 510 p.

22. Witmer, Helen L., and Kotinsky, Ruth, editors. New Perspectives for Research on Juvenile Delinquency. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, Children's Bureau, Publication No. 356. Washington, D. C.: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 1956. 92 p.

SCHOOL REFERENCES

1. Beck, Bertram M. "Delinquents in the Classroom." NEA Journal 45: 485-87; November 1956. Condensed: Education Digest 22: 32-34; February 1957.

2. Cain, Leo F. "Delinquency and the School." School Life 35: 65-66, 75; February 1953.

3. Gans, Roma. "Juvenile Delinquency." NEA Journal 41: 497-99; November 1952.

4. Gnagey, William J. “Do Our Schools Prevent or Promote Delinquency?" Journal of Educational Research 50: 215-19; November 1956.

5. Hill, Arthur S.; Miller, Leonard M.; and Gabbard, Hazel F. "Schools Face the Delinquency Problem." Bulletin of the National Association of Secondary-School Principals 37: 181-221; December 1953.

6. Kaminkow, Hyman B. "Basic School Approaches in Preventing Juvenile Delinquency.” Understanding the Child 22: 73-78; June

1953.

7. Kvaraceus, William C. "The Counselor's Role in Combating Juvenile Delinquency." Personnel and Guidance Journal 36: 99-103; October 1957.

8. Kvaraceus, William C. Juvenile Delinquency and the School. Yonkers, N.Y.: World Book Co., 1945. 337 p.

9. Kvaraceus, William C. "School and Home Cooperate To Meet Juvenile Delinquency.” Educational Leadership 10: 223-28; January 1953.

10. Kvaraceus, William C. "Teacher's Check List for Identifying Potential Delinquents.” Journal of Education 137: 21-22; February 1955.

11. Kvaraceus, William C. "What the School and Community Can Do To Prevent and Control Juvenile Delinquency." Mental Health and Special Education. (Edited by William F. Jenks.) Washington, D. C.: Catholic University Press, 1957. p. 137-51. 12. Mackie, Romaine P., and others. Teachers of Children Who Are Socially and Emotionally Maladjusted. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Bulletin 1957, No. 11. Washington, D. C.: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 1957. 92 p.

13. National Education Association, Research Division. “Schools Help Prevent Delinquency." Research Bulletin 31: 99-131; October 1953.

14. National Education Association, Research Division. “Teacher Opinion on Pupil Behavior, 1955-56." Research Bulletin 34: 51-107; April 1956.

15. National Society for the Study of Education. Juvenile Delinquency and the Schools. Forty-Seventh Yearbook, Part I. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. 280 p.

16. New York State Youth Commission. Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: What New York State Schools Can Do. Albany: the Commission, 1952. 34 p.

17. Stullken, Edward H. "What Can the Home and the School Do About the Juvenile Delinquency Problem?" Bulletin of the National Association of Secondary-School Principals 38: 181-83; April 1954. Condensed: Education Digest 20: 8-9; September 1954.

18. U. S. 84th Congress, 2nd Session. Education and Juvenile Delinquency. Interim Report of the U. S. Senate Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency, Committee on the Judiciary. Washington, D. C.: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 1956. 130 p.

19. Van Til, William. "Combating Juvenile Delinquency Through Schools." Educational Leadership 18: 362-67; March 1956.

20. Volz, Horace S. "The Role of the School in the Prevention and Treatment of Delinquent and Other Abnormal Behavior." School and Society 71: 21-22; January 14, 1950.