Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction

Front Cover
C.J. van Leeuwen, T.G. Vermeire
Springer Science & Business Media, 2007 M09 18 - 686 pages
Chemicals are used to make virtually every man-made regard to their production, formulation, use and disposal. product and play an important role in the everyday life It will provide a high level of protection of human health of people around the world. The chemical industry is the and the environment and, at the same time, enhance the third largest industrial sector in the world and employs competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry. millions of people. Since 1930, global production of chemicals has risen from 1 million tonnes to over 400 Successful implementation of REACH will be a million tonnes annually. In 2004 the global sales were challenge. It will involve 30,000 chemicals, 30,000 estimated at € 1776 billion. The EU accounts for companies, a newly created European Chemicals approximately 33% of global sales. This gradual increase Agency and many other stakeholders. REACH will also in the production and widespread use of chemicals was be a scientific challenge. It will boost further scientific not without “cost”. While chemicals play an important research into sustainable chemistry. It will also make us role in products for health and well-being, they may also aware of the scarce human resources currently available pose risks to human health and the environment. to meet these challenges.

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Contents

HEDSET
5
Disciplines roles and responsibilities in risk management
18
8
27
HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 195
30
EMISSIONS OF CHEMICALS TO THE ENVIRONMENT
37
SNAN
38
SNUR
51
Development of emission estimation and risk assessment tools
59
Quality Control
458
INTELLIGENT TESTING STRATEGIES
467
IC
506
Registration Evaluation Authorization
510
RIVM
532
Lowest Potential for Exposure of
534
3
544
THE MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS IN THE USA
553

7
68
3
90
Oxidation
117
TCDD
126
HOMO
142
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
159
PBPK
199
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
227
PCBs
270
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS
281
NOECL
282
DATA
357
PREDICTING FATERELATED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
375
LC50
380
TNsG
399
PREDICTING TOXICOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ENDPOINTS
427
LD50
431
ICCA
559
7
569
14
575
17
581
PFOA
588
5
589
27
605
PFOS
606
37
612
THE OECD CHEMICALS PROGRAMME
623
ICHC
628
GLOSSARY
639
p
644
IPCS
650
ISODIS
656
constant or distribution ratio or carrying
673

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