cation of the extent to which crime is repressed. In other words, the widely divergent proportions of arrests for all offenses as between different communities show that the standards of enforcement are for apart rather than the comparative extent of criminality. This statement receives abundant illustration in the next table following, which shows the number of arrests in 1905 in cities of over 30,000 for all offenses and the number per 10,000 inhabitants. The table is drawn from the United States Census report on Statistics of Cities, 1907.

The variation in ratios of arrests is so great as to render generalizations from comparisons of the extent of crime futile.

In cities having more than 300,000 inhabitants the proportion of arrests run from 217.4 in Milwaukee, to 1,087.5 in Washington, D. C. In cities having from 50,000 to 300,000 inhabitants, the ratio varies from 182.6 in Reading, Pa., to 2,195.2 in Dallas, Texas. Of the cities having from 30,000 to 50,000 inhabitants, the same ratio varies from 156.1 in Malden, Massachusetts (a no-license city in the immediate proximity of licensed Boston), to 2,146.0 in Birmingham, Alabama. The extraordinary proportion of arrests for all offenses in Southern cities hints abundantly at the fact that the crime question cannot be considered apart from racial and other social conditions. To assert that the enormous divergence in ratios of arrests for all offenses furnishes an index to the true volume of crime would, in some instances, be equivalent to declaring one city practically free from crime as compared with another, which is contrary to all known facts, and matters of every day observation.

But there is another side to this question which deserves some mention. If the proportion of arrests for all offenses to population can be used at all in any measurement of the relation between the liquor problem and the prevalence of crime, one should expect the no-license cities and municipalities in prohibition States to furnish very low ratios. But this is not the case, and the conclusion is therefore inevitably forced upon one that the liquor laws in such cities are so badly enforced, or not enforced at all, that the alleged repressive methods have no effect upon the volume of criminality. Take, for instance, the fact that of the 152 cities mentioned in the table, there are no less than 80 which show a lower ratio of arrests per 10,000 inhabitants than Portland, Maine. Among these 80 are high-license cities and low-license cities, and, exceptionally, a

no-license city. And where one of the latter is found, it is usually in such close proximity to a license city as to make comparisons absolutely deceptive. The cities of Somerville, Malden, and Newton, Mass., which are all immediate suburbs of Boston, may be cited in illustration. On the other hand, no-license Brockton, Mass., twenty miles from Boston, has a larger ratio of arrests than Portland, Maine. The cities of Wichita, Topeka and Kansas City, all in prohibition Kansas, make even a less favorable showing than Portland, Maine.

What available crime statistics mean in no-license and prohibition communities will be discussed on another page. Here it shall only be emphasized that statistics of arrests for all offenses afford a favorable and perhaps unmerited showing for some communities where the liquor traffic is under legal restraint, and a very sorry showing for communities from which it is supposed to be wholly banished. The statistics in question prove nothing conclusive in regard to the comparative volume of crime and fail to indicate the relation between crime and the liquor habit. So far as such relation exists they show, however, that it is quite as marked in no-license or prohibition cities as in many cities under various forms of license.

NUMBER OF ARRESTS IN CITIES DURING 1905 FOR ALL OFFENSES AND NUMBER PER 10,000 OF POPULATION.

NUMBER OF ARRESTS IN CITIES DURING 1905 FOR ALL OFFENSES AND NUMBER PER 10,000 OF POPULATION.-Continued.

NUMBER OF ARRESTS IN CITIES DURING 1905 FOR ALL OFFENSES AND NUMBER PER 10,000 OF POPULATION.-Continued.

NUMBER OF ARRESTS IN CITIES DURING 1905 FOR ALL OFFENSES AND NUMBER PER 10,000 OF POPULATION.-Continued.

CRIME IN HIGH AND LOW LICENSE CITIES.

The common contention that crime is particularly rampant under low-license systems receives no confirmation from statistics of arrests for all offenses. Below is given a table showing the ratios of arrests for all offenses per 10,000 inhabitants during 1905 in certain cities. The list of cities is taken from the Year Book of the Anti-Saloon League for 1908. The figures are drawn from the