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We have reviewed the GAO Draft Report on Health Facilities Construction and find no problems with the contents or the recommendations. It should be noted that we have only reviewed that portion of the report which you furnished us (Pages 25-28, 41-61, and 144-146), which deals with the construction requirements. Our comments likewise address only the construction requirements and are not intended to reflect any opinion on the organization or management of the respective agencies noted in the report.

Your report has clearly identified the multiplicity of conflicting and duplicate codes and regulations and recognized that the power to develop and enforce building codes is a State responsibility. It was also noted that the private groups that are in a position to develop commonly accepted performance criteria generally find that they are not equipped to perform the research necessary to develop this criteria. We concur with your conclusions that "the Federal Government could provide the leadership necessary to start such a movement, particularly in the areas of

research."

We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the subject report and are prepared to meet further with your staff as required.

Sipceraly,

Киви

LAWRENCE M. KUSHNER
Acting Director

86-379 0-72-10

APPENDIX VII

American Hospital Association

840 NORTH LAKE SHORE DRIVE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS D0011

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The American Hospital Association is pleased to have been given the
opportunity of reviewing the draft report, "Study of Health Facilities
Construction Costs", and the added opportunity of meeting with you and
the staff involved in its preparation for the purposes of commenting on

it.

First, the reactions of our staff people meeting with your representatives were highly complimentary of the magnitude of the work which you have undertaken and of the depth of the analysis.

With respect to some specific comments, it was noted that your draft report did not touch upon the question of priorities with respect to specific recommendations but left that question to the judgment of others. Perhaps some indication of priorities would be helpful to the Congress or the Administration in any implementation of your recommendations.

A second specific relates to the concept of construction management. While the draft report does mention the concept, it has not been given the emphasis which our staff feel it may well deserve.

Lastly, with respect to the recommendation concerning the re-use of existing hospital designs, our staff expressed a reluctance to give that concept as much emphasis as the report indicates. The potential of an economic waste of construction capital and an increase in operating cost through use of an inappropriate design may well outweigh the savings in architectural and design fees.

APPENDIX VII

Mr. Martin/2

10/25/72

With respect to Enclosure C of your draft report, many of the areas covered are those which this Association has encouraged and attempted to implement for several years. Outpatient care, home care, transfer of hospital patients to extended care and convalescent care facilities, utilization and peer review, shared services, planning agencies, broadening of health insurance coverages to include other than acute hospital care, are elements of better and less expensive health care which we have long espoused. In this regard, you may be interested in our Quality Assurance Program. This has just been released within the last month or so. Mr. Sale, of our Division of Hospital Medical Staffs, with whom you met with respect to the section on Utilization Review, has given you a copy.

While we have no specific comments with respect to Enclosure C, the draft report points out at some length the potential of savings resulting from a shared laundry service but makes only a casual reference to the deterrent in Section 501 (e) of the Internal Revenue Code which forces hospitals into other channels to achieve this cost-saving result with respect to laundries channels which have threatened those institutions with anti-trust action and make adequate financing most difficult.

All in all, the draft report appears to us to be thorough and comprehensive, with the potential, assuming implementation of its recommendations, of reducing hospital construction costs.

Sincerely yours

Σ Decllivan

John E. Sullivan
Assistant Treasurer

APPENDIX VIII

THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

October 17, 1972

Mr. James D. Martin

Assistant Director, Man-Power & Welfare Division
United States General Accounting Office
Washington, D. C. 20548

Dear Mr. Martin:

The American Institute of Architects and the Committee on Architecture
for Health appreciate being given the opportunity to comment and review
the draft report on the Study of Health Facilities prior to it being forward-
ed to Congress. The report is generally in agreement with AIA thinking
and positions in several important areas of mutual concern. Among these
are the standardizing of codes and regulations, the importance of gather-
ing and updating data on initial versus continuing costs of owning a build-
ing; the necessity of comprehensive long range planning, and the elimina-
tion or at least minimizing of the restrictions imposed or encouraged by
present policies governing federal funding programs for Health Facilities
Construction.

There are two areas in the report where the AIA must take issue with the
recommendations made by the GAO; 1) the recommendation that HEW
encourage the reuse of designs and 2) that HEW require the consideration
of the total concept approach and fast track design-construction on all
federal assisted Health Facilities Projects.

Reuse of Design

1) With regard to the reuse of existing designs, the GAO report states "The concept appears sound and the benefits seem obvious," but no supporting data is supplied either in the report itself or in the enclosures to prove this statement. In fact, the data supplied suggest just the opposite conclusion, that the reuse of designs is a false economy in terms of life cycle costs. A large portion of hospital design problems involve renovation and expansion of existing buildings. These are unique problems which do not lend them

1785 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N.W.

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· WASHINGTON, D. C. 20036 • (202) 265-3113

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APPENDIX VIII

Mr. James D. Martin

October
Page Two

17, 1972

selves to standardized design solutions. The GAO report states that
HEW statistics show that on a national basis in 1970, about 4,000
new facilities of all types were constructed and about 10,000 existing
facilities were modernized. With respect to new construction, it was
the experience of the Department of Defense some 15 years ago during
their period of utilizing "definitive" designs, that the previous design
seldom responded to the particular needs of specific situations. During
the time this hospital construction program was operative, many problems
were encountered and overcome at considerable expense in trying to site
adapt earlier designs on different topography and in various climates.
The result of this DOD experience indicates that the reuse of building plans
for health care facilities is not economically justified.

The GAO report itself contradicts the concept of the reuse of plans when
it states in the report that planning for the delivery of health care services
involves many considerations requiring critical decisions at various points
in time. These decisions are influenced in turn by the interaction between
various program requirements and staff, budget, and time constraints, of the
particular project. The design process itself is essentially an intergrating
of similar elements and occurs throughout the program, conceptual design
and construction document phases. It cannot be properly done at only one
stage. The GAO recognizes in its report the fact that life cycle costs vary
with different geographical and operating restraints and through interactions
of various alternatives in the design, which is a contradiction of the reasons
usually advanced for the reuse of plans.

The inevitable conclusion is that there are no stock or standard plans for
health care facilities, each facility will be unique to the extent that site
constraints, local zoning, vehicular access and neighborhood requirements
are taken into consideration in the initial project. Each facility will also
vary in the amount of space and emphasis placed on specialized facilities
derived from its location in the metropolitan area in relation to other exist-
ing and planned health facilities.

Total Concept

2) The report, in describing the "total concept approach," defines it as a "single developer undertaking the responsibility for planning, programming designing, financing, constructing and equiping a hospital under one financial transaction with the owner." While indicating that there are other means where

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