Chairman ANDERSON. It is not too important. We will get to it later on. Maybe you better give us a letter on what you base this on, because I think this may be a field that requires State and Federal cooperation.

Mr. LOWENSTEIN. Yes, sir. I am sure that it does.

(The letter referred to follows:)

Mr. JAMES T. RAMEY,

U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION,
Washington, D.C., June 3, 1959.

Executive Director, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy,
Congress of the United States.

DEAR MR. RAMEY: As appears at page 136 of the stenographic transcript of hearings before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Tuesday, May 19, 1959, Senator Anderson requested us to furnish a letter describing the statutory basis for the Commission's regulatory controls over the discharge of effluent by licensed uranium mills into waterways.

The requirement that these mills be licensed is contained in chapter 7 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and, particularly, in sections 62 and 69.

Section 161 of the act authorizes the Commission to:

"b. established by rule, regulation, or order, such standards and instructions to govern the possession and use of special nuclear materials, source material, and byproduct material as the Commission may deem necessary or desirable to promote the common defense and security or to protect health or to minimize danger to life or property."

Section 161 also authorizes the Commission to:

"i. prescribe such regulations or orders as it may deem necessary (1) to protect restricted data received by any person in connection with any activity authorized pursuant to this act, (2) to guard against the loss or diversion of any special nuclear material acquired by any person pursuant to section 53 or produced by any person in connection with any activity authorized pursuant to this act, and to prevent any use or disposition thereof which the Commission may determine to be inimical to the common defense and security, and (3) to govern any activity authorized pursuant to this act, including standards and restrictions governing the design, location, and operation of facilities used in the conduct of such activity, in order to protect health and to minimize danger to life or property."

Section 183 provides, among other things, that each license issued under the act "shall be in such form and contains such terms and conditions as the Commission may, by rule or regulation, prescribe to effectuate the provisions of this act * Section 186 provides that any license may be revoked for, among other things, "violation of, or failure to observe any of the terms and provisions of this act or of any regulation of the Commission." Chapter 18 includes additional enforcement provisions and penalties for violation of regulatory requirements.

In light of these provisions, we believe that the Commission has authority to impose limits upon licensed operators of uranium mills with respect to the discharge into waterways of radioactive effluent from the licensed activities. Sincerely yours,

A. R. LUEDECKE,
General Manager.

Chairman ANDERSON. Are there other questions? If not, thank you very much.

Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. Chairman, we have used up all of our time.
Chairman ANDERSON. We will give you a little leeway.

Mr. GRAHAM. Thank you. You have been very gracious in allotting us these 2 hours.

(The appendix material referred to on p. 58 follows:)

APPENDIX I

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH PAPERS OF THE U.S. WEATHER BURBEAU RELATED TO NUCLEAR ENERGY

A. PUBLICATIONS

1. Eisenbud, M., and Wanta, R. C., "Non-Occupational Berylliosis," AEC, NYOO-53, March 1949.

2. Gifford, F. G., Jr., “An Alignment Chart for Double Theodolite Computations," Mon. Wea. Rev. 80, 1952.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

"A Study of Low-Level Air Trajectories at Oak Ridge," Mon. Wea. Rev. 81, 1953.

"An Alignment Chart for Atmospheric Diffusion Calculations," Bulletin AMS, March 1953.

"The Height of Scintillation Producing Disturbances," Bulletin AMS 36, 1955.

"Atmospheric Diffusion from Volume Sources," Jour. AMS, June 1955. "A Simultaneous Lagrangian-Eulerian Turbulence Experiment," Mon. Wea. Rev., December 1955.

"The Relation Between Space and Time Correlations in the Atmosphere," Jour. AMS 13, 1956.

"An Atmospheric Diffusion Nomogram With Extended Parameter Ranges," ORO-149, Oak Ridge, February 1956.

"Relative Atmospheric Diffusion of Smoke Puffs," Jour. AMS, October 1957.

"Statistical Properties of a Fluctuating Plume Dispersion Model,” Atmospheric Pollution Symposium, Oxford, England, August 1958.

12. Griffith, H. L., Panofsky, H. A., and Van der Hoven, I., "Power Spectrum Analysis Over Large Ranges of Frequency," Jour. AMS 13, June 1956. 13. Holland, J. Z., "Time Sections of the Lowest 5000 Feet,” Bulletin AMS, January 1952.

14.

15.

"A Meteorological Survey of the Oak Ridge Area," ORO-99, Oak Ridge, November 1953.

"The Diffusion Problem in Hilly Terrain," Chapter 96 Air Pollution, McGraw-Hill, New York.

16. Humphrey, P. A., and Morgan, D. M., "Procedure for Weighing Fluted Filters With Use of Aluminum-Foil Envelopes," AMA Arch. Indust. Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, May 1953.

17.

18.

19.

20.

and Wilkins, E. M., "The Climatology of Stack Gas Diffusion at the NRTS," IDO-10020, Idaho Falls, March 1952.

and Wilkins, E. M., "Meteorology of the STR," published in Mark I Feasibility Report WAPD-70, December 1952.

and Wilkins, E. M., "Engineering Climatology of the ANP Site, NRTS," IDO-10021, Idaho Falls, April 1953.

and Wilkins, E. M., "Diffusion and Engineering Climatology for the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory," U.S.W.B., December 1953.

21. Kleinsasser, T. W., and Wanta, R. C., "The Development of a Forecasting Service for Use in Air Pollution Control," AMA Arch. Indust. Health, October 1956.

22. Machta, L., "Global Scale Dispersion by the Atmosphere," Proc. 2nd U.N. Intern'l Conf. on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, June 1958.

23. McCormick, R. A., "Discussion of Variation of Wind Velocity and Gusts with Height," Proc. ASCE, 79, No. D-126, 1952.

24.

"The Partition and Intensity of Eddy Energy at the 91-Meter Level During Unstable Conditions as Observed at Brookhaven National Laboratory," Quart. Jour. Roy. Met. Soc. 80, 1954.

25. Myers, R. F., "A Low-Level Temperature Sounding System for Routine Use," Bulletin AMS, January 1952.

26.

and Purdy, D. M., "Dispersion of Airborne Activity and Characteristics of Site," ORNL 1835, Oak Ridge (undated).

27. Pack, D. H., "An Investigation of the Three-Dimensional Wind Structure Near Shippingport, Pennsylvania," U.S.W.B., Washington, D.C., August

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

"Meteorology and Reactor Accidents," Proc. Nuc. Energy Training Course for Insurance Personnel, March 1958.

"Meteorological Data from Surrounding Stations Supplied for Preliminary Estimate of CANEL Climatology," Section D of Nuclear Physics Hazard Report, PWAC 139, Middletown, Connecticut (undated).

and Hosler, C. R., "A Meteorological Study of Potential Atmospheric Contamination from Multiple Nuclear Sites," Proc. 2nd U.N. Intern'l Conf. on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, June 1958.

Hosler, C. R., and Harris, T. B., "A Meteorological Survey of the PWR Site at Shippingport, Pennsylvania," U.S.W.B., Washington, D.C., December 1957.

Hosler, C. R., and Wilkins, E. M., "Meteorological Analysis Applicable to Operation of a Nuclear Powered Vessel," U.S.W.B., Washington, D.C., 1957.

33. Panofsky, H. A., and McCormick, R. A., "The Vertical Momentum Flux at Brookhaven at 109 Meters," Geoph. Res. Paper No. 19, 1952.

34.

35.

and McCormick, R. A., "Property of Spectra of Atmospheric Turbulence at 100 Meters," Quart. Jour. Roy. Met. Soc. 80, 1954.

and Van der Hoven, I., "Spectra and Cross-Spectra of Velocity Components in the Mesometeorological Range," Quart. Jour. Roy. Met. Soc. 81, October 1955.

36. Van der Hoven, I., "Power Spectrum of Horizontal Wind Speed in the Frequency Range from 0.0007 to 900 Cycles Per Hour," Jour. AMS, April 1957. 37. U.S. Weather Bureau, Idaho Falls, Idaho, "A Brief Discussion of the Meteorological Program at the NRTS," IDO-20001, September 1952.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

"Environmental Aspects of the Materials Testing Reactor Operation," IDO-10016, December 1952.

"Tower Observations of Atmospheric Dust," September 1953.

"A Meteorological Survey of the CANEL Site, Summer 1956," Bowne, N. E., 1956.

"A Meteorological Survey of the CANEL Site, Autumn-Winter, 1956-57," Bowne, N. E., 1957.

"Meteorological Aspects of IET Operations" (undated).

43. U.S. Weather Bureau, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, "A Thermistor Temperature Recorder for Meteorological Survey," ORNL-556, May 1950.

44. U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C., “Meteorology and Atomic Energy," AECU-3066, July 1955.

45.

"Meteorological Aspects of Air Cleaning," September 1953.

46. White, F. D., and Pack, D. H., "Meteorology as Related to Reactor Site Selection," Amer. Soc. of Civ. Eng., July 1955.

47. Wilkins, E. M., "Effect of Topography on Winds and Diffusion Conditions at the NRTS," Jour. APCA, May 1956.

48.

"A Discontinuity Surface Produced by Topographic Winds Over the Upper Snake River Plains," Bulletin AMS (undated).

B. RESEARCH PAPERS

1. "Climatological and Atmospheric Diffusion Study for Dayton, Ohio," June 21, 1948.

2. "Wind Roses for Stations in the Oak Ridge Area," October 12, 1948. 3. "Climatological Report for Fort Peck, Montana; Pierre, South Dakota, and Wilmington, North Carolina," November 29, 1948.

4. "Climatological Report for North Platte, Nebraska; La Junta, Colorado; and Klamath Falls, Oregon; Supplement 1," December 23, 1948.

5. "Recommended Meteorological Requirements of the AEC Nuclear Reactor Test Site, ARCO, Idaho," September 16, 1949.

6. "Preliminary Climatological Report for Site 5 (South Carolina) and Site 129 (Illinois)," October 20, 1950.

7. "The Fumigation Index," November 27, 1950.

8. "Meteorological Aspects ofthe Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Site," 1951. 9. "The Critical Richardson Number in an Elevated Layer Near Sunrise,' Wanta, R. C. (undated).

10. "Some Measurements of Vertical Diffusion in the Free Atmosphere," January 1951.

11. "Formulae for Estimating Concentrations and Exposures From Radioactive Stack Gases," January 28, 1951.

12. "Effects of Meteorological Elements on Radium Emanation From the Soil," 13. "Meteorological Effects on Dispersion of ARE Airborne Waste," June 5, 1951 (also ORNL 1407).

14. "Winds in the Vicinity of X-10 Correlated With Thermal Stability and Precipitation" (undated).

15. "Meteorological Estimates for Rocky Flats Plant of the AEC," July 27, 1951.

16. "Meteorological Aspects of the Proposed SIR Sites at West Milton, New York," October 1951.

17. "Expected Meteorological Conditions for the Weldon Springs Site of the AEC," November 1951.

18. "Area Climatological Summary," 1952.

19. "The Development of a Digital Telemeter System," Myers, R. F., 1952.

20. "Expected Meteorological Conditions for the Livermore Research Laboratory of the AEC," May 1952.

21. "Tables of Wind Direction, Speed and Stability for Mound Laboratories, and Wind Roses for Several Stations in the Dayton Area," September 30, 1952.

22. "A Review of Meteorology and Possible Atmospheric Waste Disposal Problems at the Lockland, Ohio, Site of the AEC," October 1952.

23. "Dispersion of Airborne Wastes in the 7500 Area," October 19, 1952 (also ORNL-1407).

24. "Climatological Data for Tower A-E," October 24, 1952.

25. "Meteorological Estimates for a Fluorine Stack," January 19, 1953.

26. "A Review of Southern New England Weather," April 1953.

27. "Wind Direction Frequencies Pertinent to IET Reactor Location,” April 1953. 28. "Climatology and Meteorology of the TSF Site," April 10, 1953.

29. "Estimate of Dispersion of Airborne Activity from the TSF," April 20, 1953. 30. "Difference in Dust Concentrations Between 5 and 15-Ft. Levels in the ANP Area," June 1953.

31. "Sound Propagation Beneath a Temperature Inversion," August 1953.

32. "An Investigation as to the Possibility that Peaks of Particle Densities in July 1953 Were Due to a Source on the NRTS," September 1953.

33. "A Report on a Feasible Meteorological Telemetering System for Oak Ridge, Tennessee" (undated).

34. "Estimates of Ground Concentrations from the 7500 Stack" (undated). 35. "Maximum Ground Concentrations from the 7500 Stack," (undated). 36. "Estimates of Dispersion of Airborne Activity from ORR," 1954 (also ORNL1794).

37. "Some Characteristics of Medium Scale Turbulence Near 100 Meters at Brookhaven National Laboratory," McCormick, R. A., 1954.

38. "Engineering Climatology for the AEC Portsmouth Area Plant Site," January 1954.

39. "Estimated Ground Concentrations of CPP Effluent After Proposed Increase of Operations," February 1954.

40. "Frequencies of Low Visibilities at Oak Ridge, Paducah and Portsmouth," February 2, 1954.

41. "Frequency and Duration of Periods of Wind Directions Suitable for IET Operations," April 1954.

42. "Notes on Diffusion Conditions Pertinent to Experiments Proposed in ANLWHZ-373," May 10, 1954.

43. "Meteorology for the Proposed Location of the Army Packafied Power Reactor, Fort Belvoir, Virginia," June 1954.

44. "Calculations for Unit Emissions of Airborne Contaminants," July 1, 1954. 45. "Meteorological Aspects of the Proposed Air Force Engineering Test Reactor WADC, Wright-Patterson AFB," August 1954.

46. "Metorological Report on the Test Conducted Near the EBR Site," August 1954.

47. "Meteorology for the Proposed Critical Assembly Area Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio," August 1954.

48. "A Comparison of Isolated Mountain Peak and Free Air Temperatures," October 14, 1954.

49. "Dispersion of Airborne Clouds in Melton Valley," November 16, 1954.

50. "An Investigation of Atmospheric Diffusion Using Neutral Balloons," (undated).

51. "Hazards from Airborne Activity," 1955 (also ORNL-1834).

52. "Meteorological Parameters in Waste Disposal," 1955.

53. "On the Form of the Energy Spectrum in the Anistrophic Range," McCormick, R. A., 1955.

54. "On the Variation with Height of Sutton's Diffusion Coefficients in the Boundary Layer," McCormick, R. A., 1955.

55. "Relative Average Annual Ground Concentrations of I from the ICPP Stack," March 1955.

56. "Estimation of Environmental Hazards of Airborne Radiation from the APPR," June 6, 1955.

57. "Meteorology for a Proposed NACA Nuclear Facility at Sandusky, Ohio," September 1955.

58. "Meteorology for the Proposed Critical Assembly Area, Hartford, Connecticut," September 1955.

59. "Meteorological Conditions Relating to the Location and Height of the ETR Stack," October 4, 1955.

60. "Preliminary Climatological Appraisal of Northeastern Colorado," (undated).

61. "Site Conditions for the Proposed Indian Point Nuclear Steam Electric Station at Indian Point, New York," (undated).

62. "Meteorological Aspects of the Areas Near Belle Meade General Depot, Sharpe General Depot, and New Cumberland General Depot," 1956.

63. "Relations between Eulerian and Lagrangian Turbulence Spectra and Correlations in the Atmosphere," Gifford, F. G., Jr., (abstract published by University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1956).

64. "Rainfall Averages and Extremes in the Upper TVA Water Shed," January 16, 1956.

65. "Meteorological Information for OMRE," February 28, 1956.

66. "Meteorological Appraisal of the Quehanna, Pennsylvania Site of the Curtis Wright Aircraft Corporation," May 1956.

67. "Wind Velocity Profiles at Brookhaven National Laboratory During Various Lapse Rate Conditions," DeMarrais, G. A., July 2, 1956.

68. "Preliminary Report of Winds on Jackass Flats," August 10, 1956. 69. "Wind Study at the Gravel Gerty Site, NTS," August 17, 1956.

70. "An Experiment to Examine the Confluence of Airflow over the ANP Experimental Site at the NRTS," October 1956.

71. "Meteorological Summary and Recommendations for Proposed Combustion-Engineering Site, Windsor Locks, Connecticut," October 1956.

72. "Meteorology for the Army Ionizing Radiation Center, Sharpe General Depot, Stockton, California," December 1956.

73. "Second Report of Winds on Jackass Flats," December 3, 1956.

74. "Meteorological Conditions at the National Reactor Testing Station," (undated).

75. "Meteorological Report on the Burning Experiment," (undated).

76. "Recent Meteorological Studies for the North End of the National Reactor Testing Station," (undated).

77. "Release of Effluent from the RALA Process," (undated).

78. "Wind Roses for Low Altitudes at Yucca Flat in April," (undated).

79. "A Relay Tester for Eight and Twenty Pin Socket Based DC Operated Relays," 1957.

80. "Climatological Review for Dawsonville, Georgia," 1957.

81. "Dispersion of Airborne Activity from the Graphite Reactor," 1957. 82. "Dispersion of Airborne Activity from the ORR," Gifford, F. G., Jr. 83. "Evaporation at the Waste Pit Site," 1957.

84. "Notes on Quantitative Smoke Plume Analysis,” 1957.

85. "Turbulent Diffusion in the Atmosphere," Chapter 3, Diffusion of Air Pollution in Industrial Regions (Report of World Meteorological Organization working group on turbulent diffusion in the atmosphere to be published), 1957.

86. "Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction, Wind Tower 3," January and February 1957.

87. "400 Area Temperatures and Relative Humidity Data," January 4, 1957. 88. "A Simple Relation for Determining Axial Air Concentrations in the Vicinity of Visible Gas Plumes," May 1, 1957.

89. "Percentage Frequency of Days with Persistent Winds by Direction for Wind Station 4, Project 400," July 17, 1957.

90. "Preliminary Climatological Survey of the San Juan, Puerto Rico Area," August 8, 1957.