The Authority of ReasonThe Authority of Reason argues against much contemporary orthodoxy in philosophy and the social sciences by showing why objectivity in the domain of ethics is really no different from the objectivity of scientific knowledge. Many philosophers and social scientists have challenged the idea that we act for objectively authoritative reasons. They have argued that there is no place for such objectively authoritative reasons in a scientific account of the world. For them, the only acceptable reasons are those that operate through a person's contingent desires and preferences. Jean Hampton takes up the challenge by undermining two central assumptions of this contemporary orthodoxy - that one can understand instrumental reasons without appeal to objective authority, and that the adoption of the scientific worldview requires no such appeal. Rejection of these assumptions opens the way for a post-naturalist theory of the objective authority of reasons. In The Authority of Reason, Hampton examines moral realism, the general nature of reason and norms, internalism and externalism, instrumental reasoning, and the expected utility model of practical reasoning. Jean Hampton's untimely death in 1996 prevented her from completing two of the chapters, which have been left in the form of sketches. The work has been edited for publication by Richard Healey. Even in this slightly incomplete form, the book will prove to be a seminal work in the theory of rationality and will be read by a broad swath of philosophers and social scientists. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Naturalism and Moral Reasons | 19 |
The Anatomy of a Reason | 44 |
Reasons Authority | 83 |
Instrumental Reasons | 125 |
Why Instrumental Reasoning Isnt Instrumental | 167 |
Instrumental Reasoning and the Methodology of Science | 207 |
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Common terms and phrases
accept agent argue argument authoritative behavior believe Chapter choice coherence committed compound lottery computer file conception of reason consequences consequentialism consequentialist consider defined deliberation deliberative connection desire discussion erences ethics EU theory example expected utility theory explain future preferences gambling Gauthier GD Set Harman Hence human Humean hypothetical imperative idea insofar instrumental reason instrumental theory instrumentally rational internalist irrational John Broome Kant Kantian kind Mackie maximizer means metaphysical moral facts moral norms moral objectivism moral objectivist Moral Realism moral reasons moral skeptics moral theory motivational efficacy motivational internalism motivationally efficacious naturalist nonconsequentialist nonetheless noninstrumental normative authority Note objective authority objective normative philosophers position practical reason pref present preferences psychological RCL Axiom reasons for action scientific sense set of preferences Source Set supervenience supposed theorists theory of instrumental theory of reason thesis tivational virtue vN/M Williams Williams's wrong